The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the utilization of hydrocarbon resources and positioned in the desert belt of the Earth, is one of the most important countries influenced and affected by climate change. Based on voluntary commitment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the country committed to reducing greenhouse emissions from 4 up to 12% of its Business as Usual (BAU) at 2030 and, as well, take important steps in increasing its adaptation level. Identifying the national level of Structure, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT) and also challenges and capabilities of the country to achieve an efficient strategic plan on climate change is the subject of the current article. In the current paper, in addition to identifying our national challenges resulted by the national development programs and strategies, describing the National Strategic Programs on Climate Change based on the expert consultation has been conducted. This program is based on four components of emission reduction, water resources management, food security and agriculture, and natural resources and biodiversity (biological resources) to examine the challenges, strengths, and weaknesses, and through a conceptual structure find its way out at two levels of macro and executive policies.

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

There is a widespread belief that pollution and climate change have a negative effect on the economies of different countries. For this reason, today the climate policies are considered to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases (especially Carbon Dioxide). In addition, economic policies also have some effects on pollution. In particular, it is said that monetary policy is not only for spurring economic growth but also an important tool for controlling CO2 emission, too. Then, a question is raised here that how does the effectiveness of monetary policy change in controlling inflation under different scenarios of climate change in Iran? The hypothesis of the current research is that monetary policy in controlling inflation is more effective in severe climate changes. For testing, an E-DSGE model was designed so that it can take into account macroeconomic and climate policy considerations at the same time. The results showed that after the occurrence of climate changes, total factors productivity, investment, capital stock and production will decrease and these will be almost permanent if the climate changes are not severe. But the central bank, in the face of extreme climate changes, implements a more extreme expansionary monetary policy. The interest rate will decrease further, and the savings will be converted into consumption for reconstruction and as a result it neutralizes part of the effects of inflation caused by the implementation of such policy. Therefore, “creative destruction” occurs in the case of severe climate change and “no-recovery” occurs in the case of moderate climate change.

The imperative to address climate change has never been more urgent. As the world grapples with increasing temperatures, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events, the role of legal scholarship in shaping policies for a sustainable future is increasingly critical. This letter aims to address the vital contribution of legal scholarship to climate change policy, emphasizing its unique position to bridge theory and practice, advocate for environmental justice, and facilitate the transition towards sustainable futures. By analyzing and proposing legal frameworks that prioritize adaptive capacity and social equity, legal scholars ensure that climate policies do not merely respond to environmental challenges but also contribute to building stronger, more just communities. In conclusion, the critical role of legal scholarship in shaping climate change policy cannot be overstated. As we navigate the complexities of global environmental challenges, the insights, analysis, and advocacy provided by legal scholars are indispensable in guiding our collective efforts towards a sustainable and equitable future. It is imperative that the legal community continues to engage with and contribute to the climate change discourse, ensuring that laws and policies not only address current environmental issues but also anticipate and mitigate future challenges. Let this letter serve as a call to action for legal scholars, policymakers, and society at large to recognize and leverage the unique contributions of legal scholarship in our global fight against climate change.